ISTerre - Institut des Sciences de la Terre

Software

Alain BURGISSER — 2015-03-15T17:24:34Z

Posted here are a few pieces of software resolving situation encountered in physical volcanology. Some of them are quite user-friendly while others can be described as scientific codes in the sense that the user controls few options, the output format is unique, and no checks are done on the input values.

Happy downloading!

Magma chamber reawakening
Unzipping software - Windows (XP,Vista,7)	Unzip calculates how fast a magma chamber filled with crystal-rich magma (mush) that is reheated from below can be remobilized by convection. Theory, use, and limitations of Unzip are described in Burgisser and Bergantz (2011). After downloading the compiled software, rename it from .bin to .exe to execute and read the user manual. User Manual Unzip software This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License.

Volcanic gas chemistry
D-Compress software v. 1.2 - Windows (XP,Vista,7,10)	D-Compress calculates volatile species partition in magmas (gas and melt volatile composition as a function of pressure and temperature) of five volatile systems (O-H, S-O-H, C-S-O-H, C-S-O-H-Fe, and C-O-H). Theory, use, and limitations of D-Compress are described in Burgisser et al. (2015). After downloading the compiled software, rename it from .bin to .exe to execute and read the user manual. User Manual D-Compress software Test files readme This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License.

Bubble growth in magmas
B-Growth software v. 1.2 - Windows (XP,Vista,7,10)	B-Growth calculates the evolution in time of a monodisperse population of gas bubbles in a magma undergoing a constant decompression. Theory, use, and limitations of B-Growth are described in Mancini et al. (2016) and Forestier Coste et al. (2012). After downloading the compiled software here, decompress it to execute. Decompress (unzip) the two files B-Growth-lib into the same directory as B-Growth.exe. Read the user manual. Source code Test files User manual B-Growth-lib-1 B-Growth-lib-2 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License.

Vulcanian pumice localization
Spreadsheet - Excel 2010	These Excel spreadsheets calculate the pre-explosive pressure and porosity of pumice expelled by a Vulcanian eruption. Theory, use, and limitations are described in Burgisser et al. (2010) and Drignon et al (2016). After downloading the files, rename them from .bin to .xlsm, open them with Excel, and enable the macros. Update 2018: Initial P set at 10 MPa to ease/accelerate the model convergence. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic License.

ERC DEMONS

Alain BURGISSER — 2013-05-10T09:47:08Z

Project Objectives: To model the quantity and composition of volcanic gases as a function of the petrology of the magma at depth and the eruptive regime. We will achieve this by modeling the chemical kinetics of degassing in volcanic conduits by using a combination of experimental, field, and numerical approaches.

Project Partners: Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) • Cambridge University.

Status: Closed (2008-2012).

Llaima volcano, Chile
	Sampling of the flanks of Llaima. Every few decades, Llaima displays violent Strombolian activity with concurrent emission of lava flow that can reach tens of kilometres around the volcano. Numerical simulations of how the magma flows and stalls in the volcanic conduit can help in understanding these cycles of activity. The simulations need to be tightly constrained by accurate field measurements

Outcomes: In 1991, Pinatubo, a volcano in the Philippines, produced an eruption that was puzzling to volcanologists around the world. The sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emitted by the large eruption was far greater in volume than could have possibly been generated from the magma expelled. This divergence, it appears, is not specific to Pinatubo, but is a common feature of volcanoes worldwide. Clearly, a new set of tools was needed to evaluate the quantity and composition of volcanic gases as a function of the type of magma at depth and the eruptive system. DEMONS, a multi-disciplinary project that evaluates how gases are generated during volcanic eruptions, responded to that need by building just such a toolbox.

One of the main achievements of the DEMONS project is to show that changes in gas composition at active volcanoes can be interpreted in terms of how magma flows in the volcano interior. This conclusion provides an explanation for the divergence, first noted at Pinatubo, between gases emitted during an eruption and the gases stored in the deep magma. The research team used a combination of experiments, mathematical models, and field expeditions. All these methods were focused on the remarkable lava lake located at the summit of Erebus volcano in Antarctica. No less than five field seasons at Erebus yielded an exceptional dataset on gas chemistry and lava lake activity. It was found that the composition of the gas emitted by the lava lake changes instantly when large explosions occur in the lake. The measured gas compositions were analyzed using a new generation of thermodynamic models. It turns out that explosions depend on how fast the magma is ascending below the lake. It is the first time that such a link between gas chemistry and how magma flows at depth can be firmly established.

Focusing on how magma flows beneath volcanoes, the DEMONS team found that magma chambers can be reawakened much faster than previously thought. Team members updated a theoretical model of magma chambers and tested it on data from the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo. Conventional theories had vastly underestimated the volcano's reawakening time, estimating it would take hundreds of years when in reality it took two months. The new model made a significant leap in precision by estimating a reawakening time of 20 to 80 days, very close to the real value.

Volcanic eruptions are driven by small gas bubbles that transform magma into foam, much like champagne in a bottle suddenly uncorked. To understand how these bubbles generate volcanic gases, the DEMONS team performed laboratory experiments recreating such foamy magmas. Using techniques coming from medical imagery, they obtained 3D images of bubbles showing surprising mechanisms. Some bubbles, for instance, form elegant mushroom-shaped pairs just before coalescing. Such observations yielded new laws explaining how the millions of bubbles contained in a cubic centimeter of magma behave. Such laws are essential to link bubbles and volcanic gases.

Three-dimensional image (0.4 mm wide) of an experimental sample showing gas bubbles (red) suspended in magma (transparent). The high temperature, high pressure experiment on natural lavas replicated how magma degases in a volcanic conduit. Coalescence laws can be retrieved from 3D measurements, which are then used to model how gas bubbles form long chains and let their gas escape. This phenomenon, although occurring at a very small scale, conditions the outcome of a volcanic eruption: gas escape allows for gentle effusion of lava instead of the violent explosion caused by the brutal expansion of the gas trapped in bubbles

What else than volcanic gases can be in all these magmatic bubbles? The study of the unique kind of particles emitted by a volcano when it erupts in the sea, several thousands of meters deep, proved that bubbles can also be made of vaporized seawater. The research team recreated these volcanic particles by simply pouring molten glass into a water tank. It turns out that seawater creates bubbles that are very similar to those generated by volcanic gases. It is rare that natural processes as complex as underwater volcanic explosion are reproduced in the laboratory with such deceptively simple methods.

All this laboratory work does not mean that the researchers remained indoors. Besides Antarctica, they collected data on volcanoes around the world, from Chile to the Caribbean Islands. An unexpected volcanic eruption at Chaiten volcano, Chile, on May 1, 2008, triggered a series of rapid discoveries. Soon after the eruption, a team member collected fresh lava fragments in the devastated town nearby. His analyses showed that the viscous magma feeding the eruption reached the surface at about one meter per second. This unprecedented ascent speed left only two days between the first earthquakes felt by the residents and the eruption that ended 8000 years of dormancy.

The toolbox provided by the DEMONS project is a decisive step so that the vast numbers of gas measurements collected from year to year are exploited to their full potential. These advances will, in time, contribute towards a better forecasting of volcanic eruptions.

Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat Island, West Indies
	Lava dome extrusion at Soufrière Hills. The dome has been growing since 1995, and periodically collapses on the ruins of Plymouth, a city situated on the west flank of the volcano. Although growth can stop for months at a time, the 200 metre high dome is almost continuously degassing.

PUBLICATIONS

Alletti, M., Burgisser, A., Scaillet, B., & Oppenheimer, C. (2014). Chloride partitioning and solubility in hydrous phonolites from Erebus volcano: A contribution towards a multi-component degassing model. GeoResJ, 3–4, 27–45.

Bouvet De Maisonneuve, C., Dungan, M. A., Bachmann, O., & Burgisser, A. (2013). Petrological Insights into Shifts in Eruptive Styles at Volcan Llaima (Chile). Journal of Petrology, 54(2), 393–420. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs073

Burgisser A. A semi-empirical method to calculate the permeability of homogeneously fluidized pyroclastic material Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2012

Burgisser A., Bergantz, G.W. A rapid mechanism to remobilize and homogenize highly crystalline magma bodies Nature 2011

Burgisser, A., Alletti, M., & Scaillet, B. (2015). Simulating the behavior of volatiles belonging to the C-O-H-S system in silicate melts under magmatic conditions with the software D-Compress. Computers & Geosciences, 79, 1–14.

Burgisser, A., Chevalier, L., Gardner, J. E., & Castro, J. M. (2017). The percolation threshold and permeability evolution of ascending magmas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 470, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.023

Burgisser, A., Oppenheimer, C., Alletti, M., Kyle, P.R., Scaillet, B., Carroll, M.R. Backward tracking of gas chemistry measurements at Erebus volcano Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2012

Burgisser. A., Arbaret L, Druitt TH, Giachetti, T. Pre-explosive conduit conditions of the 1997 Vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat: II. Overpressure and depth distributions Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2010

Caricchi, L., Pommier, A., Pistone, M., Castro, J., Burgisser, A., Perugini, D. Strain-induced magma degassing: Insights from simple shear experiments on bubble bearing melts Bulletin of Volcanology 2011

Castro, J., Dingwell, D. Rapid ascent of rhyolitic magma at Chaiten volcano, Chile, Nature 2009

Castro, J.M., Burgisser, A., Schipper, C.I., and Mancini, S. Mechanisms of bubble coalescence in silicic magmas Bulletin of Volcanology 2012

Degruyter W., Burgisser A., Bachmann O., Malaspinas O. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography and lattice Boltzmann simulations of gas flow through volcanic pumices Geosphere 2010

Forestier-Coste, L., Mancini, S. A Finite Volume Preserving Scheme on Nonuniform Meshes and for Multidimensional Coalescence, SIAM J. Sci. Computing, 2012.

Forestier-Coste, L., Mancini, S., Burgisser, A., James, F. Numerical resolution of a mono-disperse model of bubble growth in magmas Applied Mathematical Modelling 2012

Forien M., Arbaret L., Burgisser A., Champallier R Experimental constrains on shear-induced crystal breakage in magmas Journal of Geophysical Research 2011

Giachetti T., Burgisser A., Arbaret L., Druitt T.H., Kelfoun, K. Quantitative textural analysis of Vulcanian pyroclasts (Montserrat) using multi-scale X-ray computed microtomography: comparison with results from 2D image analysis Bulletin of Volcanology 2011

Ilanko, T., Oppenheimer, C., Burgisser, A., & Kyle, P. (2015). Cyclic degassing of Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Bulletin of Volcanology, 77(6), 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0941-z

Ilanko, T., Oppenheimer, C., Burgisser, A., & Kyle, P. (2015). Transient degassing events at the lava lake of Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Chemistry and mechanisms. GeoResJ, 7, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grj.2015.05.001

Laumonier M., Arbaret L., Burgisser A., Champallier R. Porosity redistribution enhanced by strain localization in crystal-rich magmas Geology 2011

Mancini, S., Forestier-Coste, L., Burgisser, A., James, F., & Castro, J. (2016). An expansion–coalescence model to track gas bubble populations in magmas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 313, 44–58.

Martin, R.S., Ilyinskaya, E., Oppenheimer, C., The enigma of reactive nitrogen in volcanic emissions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012.

Molina, I., Burgisser, A., & Oppenheimer, C. (2015). A model of the geochemical and physical fluctuations of the lava lake at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 308, 142–157.

Molina, I., Burgisser, A., Oppenheimer, C. Numerical simulations of convection in crystal-bearing magmas: A case study of the magmatic system at Erebus, Antarctica, Journal of Geophysical Research 2012

Moussallam, Y., Oppenheimer, C., Aiuppa, A., Giudice, G., Moussallam, M., Philip Kyle, P., Hydrogen emissions from Erebus volcano, Antarctica, Bulletin of Volcanology, 2012

Oppenheimer, C., Fischer, T. P., & Scaillet, B. (2014). 4.4 - Volcanic Degassing: Process and Impact. In H. D. Holland & K. K. Turekian (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition) (pp. 111–179). Oxford: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00304-1

Oppenheimer, C., Moretti, R., Kyle, P., Eschenbacher, A., Lowenstern, J., Hervig, R., Dunbar, N.W. Mantle to surface degassing of alkalic magmas at Erebus volcano, Antarctica Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011

Oppenheimer, C., Scaillet, B., Martin, R.S., Sulfur degassing from volcanoes: source conditions, surveillance, plume chemistry and impacts Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 2011

Peters, N., Oppenheimer, C., & Kyle, P. (2014). Autonomous thermal camera system for monitoring the active lava lake at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems, 3, 13–20.

Peters, N., Oppenheimer, C., Killingsworth, D. R., Frechette, J., & Kyle, P. (2014). Correlation of cycles in Lava Lake motion and degassing at Erebus Volcano, Antarctica. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 15, 3244.

Peters, N., Oppenheimer, C., Kyle, P., & Kingsbury, N. (2014). Decadal persistence of cycles in lava lake motion at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 395, 1–12.

Schipper C.I., White J.D.L., Nichols A.R.L., Burgisser A., Hellebrand E., and Murtagh R. Incipient melt segregation as preserved in subaqueous pyroclasts Geology 2012

Schipper, C.I., White, J.D.L., Houghton, B.F. Textural, geochemical, and volatile evidence for a Strombolian-like eruption sequence at Lōihi Seamount, HawaiI Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2011

Schipper, I.C., Sonder, I., Schmid, A., White, J.D.L., Dürig, T., Zimanowski, B., Büttner, R. Vapour dynamics during magma–water interaction experiments: hydromagmatic origins of submarine volcaniclastic particles (limu o Pele) Geophysical Journal International 2012

Modélisation numérique des processus magmatiques

Alain BURGISSER, Marielle COLLOMBET — 2013-03-13T13:30:11Z

WHAT IS PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY ?

The surprising diversity of magmas erupted at the Earth's surface is caused by the chemical evolution taking place because magmas are cooling within the Earth's crust and crystallize, encounter new magmas and mix, and interact with the wall rock. Our broadest scientific objective is to unravel, from a physical standpoint, the complex interplays between crystals, exsolution bubbles, and melt that affect the pressure/temperature path of magmas and condition the eruptive behavior of volcanoes at large.

Physicists tracking magmatic processes are mostly concerned with the location and motion of the three main phases (melt, crystals, and gas bubbles) composing the magma. These phases can be trapped into mobile or immobile regions, and physicists define magma chambers as regions of mobile magma available for eruption. Magma mobility is linked to rheology, which depends not only on quantities such as crystal content or melt chemistry, but also on the stress state the magma is subjected to. Thus, for physicists, a magma chamber can significantly change in shape and size during the course of an eruption. These three visions are illustrated by the outcomes of studies of the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo :

The many faces of the magma chamber feeding the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo. Geochemistry of the erupted products led to the identification of the storage conditions of a host magma and input of another, fresh magma (Hammer & Rutherford, 2003). Geophysics located the many volcano-tectonic quakes generated during the eruption, which led to the identification of an aseismic zone (red) that may contain the host magma (Mori et al, 1996). Physics integrated these elements into a scenario of a chamber filled by highly viscous host magma and being remobilized by fresh magma, which led to the identification of a plausible reheating mechanism (Burgisser & Bergantz, 2011).

PHYSICS OF MAGMA ASCENT

Our modeling approach considers magma as a mixture of crystal, gas bubbles and silicate liquid with independent motions. It is at the forefront of fluid dynamical simulations of volcanic processes and has successfully been applied to the simulation of pyroclastic density currents, magmatic conduits, and magmatic chambers. We use mainly two in-house fluid dynamical models to that end. One is based on the numerical model Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchange (MFIX) and the other has successively been developed in Collier & Neuberg (2006) and Collombet (2009).

Multiphase simulations (crystal + melt) of the convection of the long-lived lava lake at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. After 15 years (right), in steady state, thermal convection is only able to suspend 20 vol.% crystals (yellow color), which is smaller than the 35 vol.% observed (green color, initial conditions at year 0, left). This suggests that the gases are needed to accelerate convection and suspend more crystals.

	Principle of simulation of magma ascent in a volcanic conduit. (Collombet, 2009). The magma rises in the conduit and becomes richer and richer in gas bubbles. These gases accumulate in the magma, possibly leaking into the surrounding rocks. If gas loss is too slow, the magma fragments and an explosive eruption occurs.

Magma rheology is controlled by the amounts of crystals and volatiles present in the magma and the strain rates magma is subjected to. These controls have been approached separately, and our aim is to bring them together. The resulting simulation outputs need to be confronted to natural data. The proposed natural target is Merapi volcano in the framework of DOMERAPI, a multidisciplinary research project that seeks to integrate geophysics, geochemistry, and physical volcanology into a deterministic model of the behavior of this active volcano.

Example of coupling between magma flow and the elastic deformation, which can be monitored around a volcano (Albino et al. 2011).

VOLATILE CHEMISTRY

Magmas show such complex degassing patterns that it is impossible to predict the gas composition at vent without a thermodynamical model. Our chemical model of degassing allows us to calculate the evolution during decompression of the volatile composition of gas and melt for the S-O-H-C-Cl-Fe system in rhyolitic, basaltic, and phonolitic melts :

Inverse modeling of volcanic gas composition measurements. Measures at the surface of the lava lake of Erebus volcano, Antarctica, show strong variation in gas composition between quiescent convection (triangle) and Strombolian explosions (star, blue shaded area shows variability between explosions). Schematics (right) depict various physical scenarios, where explosions are caused by fast gas slugs or slow bubble swarm, and quiescent degassing is fed by a pulsatory or still magma column. Depending on the scenario, the model predicts different evolutions of volatile distribution at depth (left).

Numerical modeling of magmatic processes and magma ascent

Alain BURGISSER, Anaïs SCHNEIDER, Marielle COLLOMBET — 2013-03-13T13:30:11Z

WHAT IS PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY ?

PHYSICS OF MAGMA ASCENT

	Principle of simulation of magma ascent in a volcanic conduit. (Collombet, 2009). The magma rises in the conduit and becomes richer and richer in gas bubbles. These gases accumulate in the magma, possibly leaking into the surrounding rocks. If gas loss is too slow, the magma fragments and an explosive eruption occurs.

Example of coupling between magma flow and the elastic deformation, which can be monitored around a volcano (Albino et al. 2011).

VOLATILE CHEMISTRY

Publications

Alain BURGISSER — 2013-03-01T09:15:53Z

JOURNAL ARTICLES (bold names = grad students)

73. Burgisser, A., Peccia, A., Plank, T. Moussallam Y. (2024) Numerical simulations of the latest caldera-forming eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska, Bull Volcanol 86:77 doi: 10.1007/s00445-024-01765-1

72. Bresch D, Narbona‐Reina G, Burgisser A, Collombet M., 2024. Mathematical topics in compressible flows from single-phase systems to two-phase averaged systems. Studies in Applied Mathematics e12739. doi: 10.1111/sapm.12739

71. Narbona-Reina, G., Bresch, D., Burgisser, A., Collombet, M., 2024. Two‐phase magma flow with phase exchange: Part I. Physical modeling of a volcanic conduit. Studies in Applied Mathematics e12741. doi: 10.1111/sapm.12741

70. Burgisser, A., Collombet, M., Narbona-Reina, G., Bresch, D., 2024. Two‐phase magma flow with phase exchange: Part II—1.5D numerical simulations of a volcanic conduit. Studies in Applied Mathematics e12747. doi :10.1111/sapm.12747

69. Theurel, A., Collombet, M., Burgisser, A., Martel, C., Arbaret, L., Champallier, R., 2024. Experimental Evidence of Primary Permeability at Very Low Gas Content in Crystal-Rich Silicic Magma. Geophysical Research Letters 51, e2024GL108389. doi: 10.1029/2024GL108389

68. Biggs, J., Rafferty, T., Macha, J., Dualeh, E.W., Weber, G., Burgisser, A., Carroll, F., Hart, L., Rust, A.C., Gilbertson, M., Morand, A., 2024. Fracturing around magma reservoirs can explain variations in surface uplift rates even at constant volumetric flux. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 452, 108129. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108129

67. Carrara, A., Burgisser, A. and Bergantz, G. W. (2024) “Numerical simulations of the mingling caused by a magma intruding a resident mush”, Volcanica, 7(1), pp. 89–104. doi: 10.30909/vol.07.01.89104.

66. Machacca, R., Lesage, P., Tavera, H., Pesicek, J.D., Caudron, C., Torres, J.L., Puma, N., Vargas, K., Lazarte, I., Rivera, M., Burgisser, A., 2023. The 2013–2020 seismic activity at Sabancaya Volcano (Peru): Long lasting unrest and eruption. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 435, 107767. doi : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107767

65. Peccia, A., Moussallam, Y., Plank, T., DallaSanta, K., Polvani, L., Burgisser, A., Larsen, J., Schaefer, J., 2023. A New Multi-Method Assessment of Stratospheric Sulfur Load From the Okmok II Caldera-Forming Eruption of 43 BCE. Geophysical Research Letters 50, e2023GL103334. doi : 10.1029/2023GL103334.

64. Annen, C., Pinel, V., Burgisser, A., 2023. Re-evaluation of the role of volatiles in the rupture of magma chambers and the triggering of crystal-rich eruptions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 435, 107755. doi :10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107755.

63. Carrara, A., Lesage, P., Burgisser, A., Annen, C, Bergantz, G. (2022) The dispersive velocity of compressional waves in magmatic suspensions. Geophysical Journal International, 2021, doi : 10.1093/gji/ggab432

62. Collombet, M., Burgisser, A., Colombier, M., Gaunt, E. (2021) Evidence for deep gas loss in open volcanic systems. Bull Volcanol 83, 7. doi : 10.1007/s00445-020-01433-0

61. Annen, C., Burgisser, A. (2021) Modeling water exsolution from a growing and solidifying felsic magma body. Lithos 105799, doi : 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105799

60. Burgisser, A., Arbaret, L., Martel, C., Forien, M., Colombier, M., 2020. The role of oxides in the shallow vesiculation of ascending magmas. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 406, 107072. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107072

59. Colombier, M., Shea, T., Burgisser, A., Druitt, T.H., Gurioli, L., Müller, D., Cáceres, F., Hess, K.-U., Boivin, P., Miallier, D., Dingwell, D.B., 2020. Rheological change and degassing during a trachytic Vulcanian eruption at Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France. Bull. Volcanol. 82, 78, doi : 10.1007/s00445-020-01420-5

58. Carrara, A., Burgisser, A., Bergantz, G.W., 2020. The architecture of intrusions in magmatic mush. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 549, 116539.

57. Burgisser, A., Carrara, A., Annen, C., 2020. Numerical simulations of magmatic enclave deformation. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 392, 106790.

56. Gaunt, H., Burgisser, A., Mothes, P., Browning, J., Meredith, P., Criollo Tirado, E.P., Bernard, B., 2020. Triggering of the powerful 14 July 2013 Vulcanian explosion at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 392, 106762.

55. Carrara, A., Burgisser, A., Bergantz, G.W., 2019. Lubrication effects on magmatic mush dynamics. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 380, 19–30.

54. Giachetti, T., Gonnermann, H.M., Gardner, J.E., Burgisser, A., Hajimirza, S., Earley, T.C., Truong, N., Toledo, P. (2019) Bubble coalescence and percolation threshold in expanding rhyolitic magma. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, doi: 10.1029/2018GC008006

53. Burgisser, A., Bechon, T., Chevalier, L., Collombet, M., Arbaret, L., Forien, M. (2019) Conduit processes during the February 11, 2010 Vulcanian eruption of Soufrière Hills, Montserrat. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 373, 23–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.01.020.

52. Bergantz G.W., Schleicher J.M., Burgisser A. (2017) On the kinematics and dynamics of crystal‐rich systems, Journal of Geophysical Research, 122, doi:10.1002/2017JB014218.

51. Economos R., Boehnke P., Burgisser A. (2017) Sulfur isotopic zoning in apatite crystals: a new record of dynamic sulfur behavior in magmas, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 215, 387-403.

50. Isgett S.J., Houghton B.F., Fagents S.A., Biass S., Burgisser A., Arbaret L. (2017) Eruptive and shallow conduit dynamics during Vulcanian explosions: insights from the Episode IV block field of the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska, Bulletin of Volcanology, 79(8), 58, doi : 10.1007/s00445-017-1138-4.

49. Burgisser A., Chevalier L., Gardner J.E., Castro J.M. (2017) The percolation threshold and permeability evolution of ascending magmas, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 470, 37-47.

48. Drignon, M.J., Bechon, T., Arbaret, L., Burgisser, A., Komorowski, J.-C., Martel, C., Miller, H., Yaputra, R. (2016) Pre-explosive conduit conditions during the 2010 eruption of Merapi volcano (Java, Indonesia), Geophysical Research Letters, 43, doi: 10.1002/2016GL071153.

47. Schleicher, J.M., Bergantz, G.W., Breidenthal, R.E., Burgisser, A., 2016. Time scales of crystal mixing in magma mushes. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 2015GL067372. doi:10.1002/2015GL067372.

46. Mancini, S., Forestier-Coste, L., Burgisser, A., James, F., Castro, J. (2016) An expansion-coalescence model to track gas bubble populations in magmas, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, in press. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.01.016

45. Forien, M., Tremblay, J., Barnes, S.-J., Burgisser, A., Pagé, P. (2015) The Role of Viscous Particle Segregation in Forming Chromite Layers from Slumped Crystal Slurries: Insights from Analogue Experiments, Journal of Petrology, egv060. doi:10.1093/petrology/egv060

44. Molina, I., Burgisser, A., Oppenheimer, C., (2015) A model of the geochemical and physical fluctuations of the lava lake at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 308, 142–157. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.10.027.

43. Bergantz, G.W., Schleicher, J.M., Burgisser, A. (2015) Open-system dynamics and mixing in magma mushes, Nature Geoscience, 8 (10), 793-796.

42. Ilanko, T., Oppenheimer, C., Burgisser, A., Kyle, P. (2015) Transient degassing events at the lava lake of Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Chemistry and mechanisms, GeoResJ, 7, 43-58.

41. Ilanko, T., Oppenheimer, C., Burgisser, A., Kyle, P. (2015) Cyclic degassing of Erebus volcano, Antarctica, Bulletin of Volcanology, 77, 1-15.

40. Humphreys, M.C.S., Brooker, R.A., Fraser, D.G., Burgisser, A., Mangan, M.T., and McCammon, C. (2015) Coupled interactions between volatile activity and Fe oxidation state during arc crustal processes, Journal of Petrology, 56, 795-814, doi:10.1093/petrology/egv017.

39. Gurioli, L., Andronico, D., Bachelery, P., Balcone-Boissard, H., Battaglia, J., Boudon, G., Burgisser, A., Burton, M.R., Cashman, K., Cichy, S., Cioni, R., Di Muro, A., Dominguez, L., D'Oriano, C., Druitt, T., Harris, A.J.L., Hort, M., Kelfoun, K., Komorowski, J.-C., Kueppers, U., Le Pennec, J.-L., Menand, T., Paris, R., Pioli, L., Pistolesi, M., Polacci, M., Pompilio, M., Ripepe, M., Roche, O., Rose-Koga, E., Rust, A., Schiavi, F., Sharff, L., Sulpizio, R., Taddeucci, J., and Thordarson, T. (2015) MeMoVolc consensual document: a review of cross-disciplinary approaches to characterizing small explosive magmatic eruptions, Bulletin of Volcanology, 77, 49, DOI: 10.1007/s00445-015-0935-x.

38. Mercer, C.N., Hofstra, A.H., Todorov, T.I., Roberge J., Burgisser, A., Adams, D.T., and Cosca, M. (2015) Pre-eruptive conditions of the Hideaway Park Topaz rhyolite: Insights into metal source and evolution of magma parental to the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado, Journal of Petrology, 56, 645-679, doi: 10.1093/petrology/egv010.

37. Burgisser, A., Alletti, M., Scaillet, B. (2015) Simulating the behavior of volatiles belonging to the C-O-H-S system in silicate melts under magmatic conditions with the software D-Compress, Computers & Geosciences, v. 79, p. 1-14.

36. Moussallam, Y., Oppenheimer, C., Scaillet, B., Buisman, I., Kimball, C., Dunbar, N., Burgisser, A., Schipper, I., Andújar, J. Kyle, P. (2015) Megacrystals track magma convection between reservoir and surface, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 413, p. 1-12.

35. McIntosh, I.M., Llewellin, E.W., Humphreys, M.C.S., Nichols, A.R.L., Burgisser, A., Schipper, C.I., Larsen, J.F. (2014) Distribution of dissolved water in magmatic glass records growth and resorption of bubbles, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 401, p. 1-11, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.037.

34. Alletti, M., Burgisser, A., Scaillet, B., Oppenheimer, C. (2014) Chloride partitioning and solubility in hydrous phonolites from Erebus volcano: A contribution towards a multi-component degassing model, GeoResJ, v. 3-4, p. 27-45, DOI 10.1016/j.grj.2014.09.003.

33. Pichavant M., Di Carlo I., Rotolo S. G., Scaillet B., Burgisser A., Le Gall N., Martel C. (2013), Generation of CO2-rich melts during basalt magma ascent and degassing, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, DOI 10.1007/s00410-013-0890-5.

32. Bouvet de Maisonneuve, C., Dungan M.A., Bachmann O., Burgisser A. (2013) Petrological insights into shifts in eruptive styles at Volcán Llaima (Chile), Journal of Petrology, v. 54, p. 393-420, DOI 10.1093/petrology/egs073.

31. Castro, J.M., Burgisser, A., Schipper, C.I., and Mancini, S. (2012) Mechanisms of bubble coalescence in silicic magmas, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 74, p. 2339-2352, DOI 10.1007/s00445-012-0666-1.

30. Forestier-Coste, L., Mancini, S., Burgisser, A., and James, F. (2012) Numerical resolution of a mono-disperse model of bubble growth in magmas, Applied Mathematical Modelling, v. 36, p. 5936-5961.

29. Burgisser, A., Oppenheimer, C., Alletti, M., Kyle, P.R., Scaillet, B., Carroll, M.R. (2012) Backward tracking of gas chemistry measurements at Erebus volcano, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v.13, DOI: 10.1029/2012GC004243.

28. Burgisser, A. (2012) A semi-empirical method to calculate the permeability of homogeneously fluidized pyroclastic material, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v.243-244, p.97-106.

27. Degruyter, W., Bachmann, O., Burgisser, A., and Manga, M. (2012) The effects of outgassing on the transition between effusive and explosive silicic eruptions, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.349-350, p.161-170.

26. Molina, I., Burgisser, A., and Oppenheimer, C. (2012) Numerical simulations of convection in crystal-bearing magmas: A case study of the magmatic system at Erebus, Antarctica, Journal of Geophysical Research, v.117, B07209, doi:10.1029/2011JB008760.

25. Bouvet de Maisonneuve, C., Dungan M.A., Bachmann O., Burgisser A. (2012) Insights into shallow magma storage and crystallization at Volcán Llaima (38.7°S, Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile), Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 211-212, p. 76-91.

24. Schipper C.I., White J.D.L., Nichols A.R.L., Burgisser A., Hellebrand E., and Murtagh R. (2012) Incipient melt segregation as preserved in subaqueous pyroclasts, Geology, v.40, p. 355-358, doi:10.1130/G32582.1.

23. Forien M., Arbaret L., Burgisser A., Champallier R. (2011) Experimental constrains on shear-induced crystal breakage in magmas, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 116, B08217, doi:10.1029/2010JB008026.

22. Laumonier M., Arbaret L., Burgisser A., Champallier R. (2011) Porosity redistribution enhanced by strain localization in crystal-rich magmas, Geology, v. 39, p. 715–718, doi:10.1130/G31803.1

21. Caricchi L., Pommier A., Pistone M., Castro J., Burgisser A., Perugini D. (2011) Strain-induced magma degassing: insights from simple-shear experiments on bubble bearing melts, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, p. 1245–1257, DOI 10.1007/s00445-011-0471-2

20. Giachetti T., Burgisser A., Arbaret L., Druitt T.H., Kelfoun, K. (2011) Quantitative textural analysis of Vulcanian pyroclasts (Montserrat) using multi-scale X-ray computed microtomography: comparison with results from 2D image analysisy, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, p. 1295–1309, DOI 10.1007/s00445-011-0472-1

19. Burgisser A., Bergantz, G.W. (2011) A rapid mechanism to remobilize and homogenize highly crystalline magma bodies, Nature, v. 471, p. 212-215.

18. Burgisser A., Arbaret L., Druitt T.H., Giachetti T. (2011) Pre-explosive conduit conditions of the 1997 Vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat: II. Overpressure and depth distributions, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 199, p. 193-205, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.11.014.

17. Degruyter W., Burgisser A., Bachmann O., Malaspinas O. (2010) Synchrotron X-ray microtomography and lattice Boltzmann simulations of gas flow through volcanic pumices, Geosphere, v.6, p. 470-481, DOI: 10.1130/GES00555.1.

16. Degruyter W., Bachmann O., Burgisser A. (2010) Controls on magma permeability in the volcanic conduit during the climactic phase of the Kos Plateau Tuff eruption (Aegean Arc), Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 72, p. 63-74.

15. Burgisser, A., Arbaret, L., Druitt, T.H., Giachetti, T., Bourdier, J.-L. (2010) Pre-explosive conduit conditions of the 1997 Vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat: I. Pressure and vesicularity distributions, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 194, p. 27-41.

14. Giachetti T, Druitt TH, Burgisser A, Arbaret L, Galven C (2010) Bubble nucleation, growth and coalescence during the 1997 Vulcanian explosions of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 193, p. 215-231

13. Bouvet de Maisonneuve C., Bachmann O., Burgisser A. (2009) Characterization of juvenile pyroclasts from the Kos Plateau Tuff (Aegean Arc): insights into the eruptive dynamics of a large rhyolitic eruption, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 71, p. 643-658.

12. Annen C., Pichavant M., Bachmann O., Burgisser A. (2008), Conditions for the growth of a long-lived shallow crustal magma chamber below Mount Pelee volcano (Martinique, Lesser Antilles Arc), Journal of Geophysical Research 113, B07209, doi:10.1029/2007JB005049

11. Burgisser A., Scaillet B., Harshvardhan (2008) Chemical patterns of erupting silicic magmas and their influence on the amount of degassing during ascent, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 113, B12204, doi:10.1029/2008JB005680.

10. Pichavant M., Costa F., Scaillet B. Poussineau S., Martel C., Burgisser A. (2007) Equilibration scales in silicic to intermediate magmas - Implications for experimental studies, Journal of Petrology, v.48, p. 1955-1972.

9. Burgisser A., Scaillet B. (2007) Redox evolution of a degassing magma rising to the surface, Nature, v. 445, p.194-197.

8. Gardner J.E., Burgisser A., Stelling P. (2007) Eruption and deposition of the Fisher Tuff (Alaska): Evidence for the evolution of pyroclastic flows, Journal of Geology v. 115, p. 417-436.

7. Gardner J.E., Burgisser A., Hort M., Rutherford M. (2006) Experimental and model constraints on degassing of magma during ascent, in Siebe C., Macias J.L., Aguirre-Diaz G.J. (Eds) Neogene-Quaternary continental margin volcanism: A perspective from Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin Special Paper, v. 402, 99-114.

6. Burgisser A., Gardner J.E. (2006) Using hydraulic equivalences to discriminate transport processes of volcanic flows, Geology, v. 34, 157-160.

5. Burgisser A., Gardner J.E. (2005) Experimental constraints on degassing and permeability in volcanic conduit flow, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 67, p. 42-56.

4. Burgisser A., Bergantz G.W., Breidenthal R. (2005) Addressing complexity in laboratory experiments: the scaling of dilute multiphase flows in magmatic systems, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 141, p. 245-265.

3. Burgisser A. (2005) Physical volcanology of the 2050 BP caldera-forming eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 67, p. 497-525.

2. Burgisser A., Bergantz G.W. (2002) Reconciling pyroclastic flow and surge: the multiphase physics of pyroclastic density currents, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 202, p. 405-418.

1. Burgisser A., Bergantz G.W., Breidenthal R. (2003) On the effects of Stokes, Richardson, and stability numbers in persistent and accelerating vortices, in Gyr, A. and Kinzelbach, W. (eds) Sedimentation and sediment transport, Proc. Monte Verita Symposium, Switzerland, p. 111-120.

BOOK CHAPTER

Burgisser A., Degruyter W. (2015) Magma Ascent and Degassing at Shallow Levels, In: Sigurdsson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, 225-236.

CV

Alain BURGISSER — 2013-03-01T09:15:41Z

EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE

2013 – present
Researcher at CNRS, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Chambéry, France

2006 – 2012
Researcher at CNRS, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Orléans, France

2004 – 2006
Post-Doctorate conducted at the Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (France) Reaching the surface: the dynamics of magma flow

2003 – 2004
Post-Doctorate conducted at the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks (USA) Sedimentary processes in pyroclastic density currents: Insights from the deposits of Nevado de Toluca volcano, Mexico

1999 – 2003
Ph.D. at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (USA). Advisor Prof. John Eichelberger Magmas in motion: Degassing in volcanic conduits and fabrics of pyroclastic density currents