Séminaire ISTerre
Supershear snow slab avalanche
mardi 27 mai 2025 - 11h00
Johan Gaume - ETH Zürich, SLF Davos---
Snow slab avalanches, characterized by a distinct, broad fracture line, are released following anticrack propagation in highly porous weak snow layers buried beneath cohesive slabs. The anticrack mechanism is driven by the volumetric collapse of the weak layer, which leads to the closure of crack faces and the onset of frictional contact. Traditionally thought to propagate at sub-Rayleigh speeds, recent findings demonstrate that avalanche release can also involve a spontaneous transition to supershear crack propagation, where the rupture front travels faster than the shear wave speed. Here, we present a comprehensive study combining snow fracture experiments, artificially triggered full-scale avalanches captured with high-speed imaging, and numerical simulations to investigate this transition. The deformation fields obtained from DIC analysis reveal that sub-Rayleigh propagation is characterized by slope-normal collapse and slab flexure, whereas supershear fracture is associated with slope-parallel deformation and slab tension. Numerical simulations reproduce these observations and confirm that the transition follows the Burridge–Andrews mechanism, in which a supershear daughter crack nucleates ahead of the main anticrack front. Interestingly, our results indicate that supershear propagation can occur even when the shear-to-normal stress ratio is below the static friction coefficient, due to the transient loss of frictional resistance during weak layer collapse. These findings highlight some striking analogies between snow slab avalanches and strike-slip earthquakes, particularly supershear ruptures known for their high energy release and extensive rupture areas. The observation of supershear avalanches provides important new insights into avalanche formation, with significant implications for hazard assessment.
Equipe organisatrice : Mécanique des failles
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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“Minimalist seismology”: studying earthquakes with sparse instrumentation
jeudi 17 septembre 2026 - 11h00
Mathieu Causse - ISTerre
Equipe organisatrice : Organisation labo
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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Stable‑to‑dynamic expansion of fault slipping area through fluid injection observed in laboratory experiments using a sub‑meter scale specimen
vendredi 18 septembre 2026 - 14h00
Takatoshi Ito - Université de Tohoku, Japan
Equipe organisatrice : Mécanique des failles
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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Tectonics, Mantle Dynamics and Coupled Lithosphere-Mantle-Core Evolution of Earth and Other Rocky Worlds
jeudi 24 septembre 2026 - 11h00
Paul Tackley - ETH Zurich
Equipe organisatrice : Grands Séminaires ISTerre
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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Tectonics, Mantle Dynamics and Coupled Lithosphere-Mantle-Core Evolution of Earth and Other Rocky Worlds
jeudi 24 septembre 2026 - 11h00
Paul Tackley - ETH Zurich
Equipe organisatrice : Grands Séminaires ISTerre
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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Apport des expériences analogiques pour la modélisation et le suivi en temps réel de la propagation du magma en profondeur : Exemple du Rift Est Africain
jeudi 1er octobre 2026 - 11h00
Virginie Pinel - ISTerre
Equipe organisatrice : Organisation labo
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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A t-on encore besoin de plaques pour expliquer la tectonique de la vallée du Rhône et des Alpes Occidentales ?
vendredi 2 octobre 2026 - 11h00
philippe VERNANT - Geosciences Montpellier
Equipe organisatrice : Tectonique active et sismicité
Salle Dolomieu, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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TBA
vendredi 2 octobre 2026 - 14h00
Hugo Boulze -
Equipe organisatrice : Cycle sismique et déformations transitoires
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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TBA
vendredi 9 octobre 2026 - 11h00
Eric Beaucé - ISTerre
Equipe organisatrice : Cycle sismique et déformations transitoires
Salle Dolomieu, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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TBA
vendredi 20 novembre 2026 - 11h00
Farzaneh Mohammadi - ENS Paris
Equipe organisatrice : Cycle sismique et déformations transitoires
Amphithéâtre Killian, Maison des Géosciences, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères
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